March 29, 2016 • Page 8 shop online at www.missourivalleyshopper.com Avoid Trichomoniasis This Breeding Season BROOKINGS, S.D. Trichomoniasis, a reproductive disease of cattle, is experiencing somewhat of a resurgence in South Dakota this past winter and spring. As such, cattle producers should keep the disease at the top of their mind when preparing for the upcoming breeding season, said Russ Daly, SDSU Extension Veterinarian. “Perhaps the one reproductive disease for which the bull plays a critical role in transmission is that of trichomoniasis, or “trich,” Daly said. Daly explained that although this disease has been around for generations, for many years it was thought virgin bulls moving into the state or between herds, as well as the prohibition of open cows being sold back into breeding herds. “Since 2005, South Dakota enjoyed years of very few new infections, however beginning in late 2015, several newly infected herds have been identified. Counties recently affected include Corson, Dewey, Gregory, Mellette and Oglala Lakota,” Daly said. “Whether this represents an incursion from other parts of the country or a resurgence of a previously undetected problem is uncertain.” More information about Trichomoniasis Trich is caused by a pro- to be something only states west of the Rocky Mountains had to concern themselves with. That changed for South Dakota cattle producers back in 2004, when more than 40 herds were detected with the disease and were faced with the task of cleaning it up. A cooperative effort between the South Dakota Animal Industry Board and cattle producer organizations resulted in the implementation of regulations that not only tackled importation of the disease, but Daly explained the effort also reduced the spread of the disease within the state. These regulations involved testing of all non- tozoal organism that lives indefinitely in the sheath of an infected bull. Once it’s transmitted to a female through the act of breeding, it causes an inflammation in the reproductive tract that results in the loss of the pregnancy. While infected cows can clear themselves of the infection, bulls remain positive for life. Therefore, Daly said detection strategies for this disease come down to testing the bull. “We have come a long way over the last 10 years in the methods used for detecting the organism,” he said. For testing bulls, the preferred sample is still a scraping from inside the bull in order to ensure that an infection was not missed. In contrast, only one sample is required from a bull if PCR is used. Overall, Daly said that improvements in test sensitivity and in awareness of trichomoniasis have significantly reduced the risk of its introduction into our cattle herds overall. 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